The United States alleges violations of the False Claims Act by Clarksville Pain Institute LLC, Pain Institute of Nashville PLC, Michael Cox, and Debbie Cox. A complaint says that these pain clinics and the Coxes knowingly submitted or caused to be submitted false claims for diagnostic testing services provided to patients that were not medically necessary, including urine drug screens, allergy tests, and psychological tests. It alleges that the defendants pressured staff at their Clarksville pain management clinic to bill for more testing than was medically necessary, that the practice routinely tested patients’ urine and did not review the results, and that the practice operated multiple schemes to maximize testing profits from different kinds of diagnostic testing. It also alleges that patients described being treated like cattle at the clinic, spending minutes with providers, and receiving unnecessary testing that was pushed on patients if they wanted to receive their pain medications. Read a Department of Justice press release.